GIFT   OF 


EDUCATION 

VOCATIONAL  TRAINING 

AND  RECREATION 


WESTERN  DEPARTMENT 

OF  THE 

UNITED  STATES  ARMY 


JUNE  •  1920 


EDUCATION,  VOCA- 
TIONAL TRAINING 
AND  RECREATION 

in  the  WESTERN  DEPARTMENT 
of  the  UNITED  STATES  ARMY 

JUNE -1920 


HEADQUARTERS  •  WESTERN  DEPARTMENT 

UNITED  STATESARMY 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CALIFORNIA 


\-3,ls.'^ 


upy 


Lieuten'ant-General  Hunter  Liggett 
Commanding  General,  Western  Department 

General   Liggett  is  a  graduate   of  West   Point  in  the  class   of   1879,   of  the   Army   War 

College  in  1910,  and  has  served  on  the  General   Staff. 
He  has  seen   service   against  the   Indians  on  the   plains,  in  the   Spanish-American   War, 
and  in  the   Philippines,   of  which  Department   he  took  command   in    1916.      In    1917 
he  took  the  41st  Division   to   France  and   such   was  the  brilliancy  of  his   work 
that  at  the  conclusion  of  the  War  he  was  in  command  of  the  First  Army. 
General  Liggett  has  received  the  Distinguished  Service  Medal;  Victory 
Medal  with    1   silver  and  5   bronze  stars;  the  decoration  of  Grand 
Officer,    Order    of    St.    Maurice    and    Lasarus    (Italy) ;    Com- 
mander,   Legion    of    Honor    (French);    Croix    de    Guerre, 
with  palm    (French);   and   Grand  Commander,   Order 
of  Leopold    (Belgian). 


FOREWORD 


NOWHERE  has  nature  been  more  prodigal  of  her  beauties  nor 
more  considerate  in  the  matter  of  climate,  than  in  those  portions 
of  our  country  included  within  the  Western  Department  of  the 
United  States  Army. 

Thousands  come  to  this  region  annually  from  other,  less  favored  dis- 
tricts, and  to  come,  is  but  to  wish  never  to  leave. 

And  it  would  almost  seem  that  those  who  in  years  past  made  the 
selections  of  sites  for  the  military  camps  and  posts  of  the  Department  had 
not  been  actuated  simply  by  the  desire  to  secure  the  most  strategic  points 
for  military  offense  or  defense,  but  had  been  moved  by  the  beauty  of  the 
spot.  Certain  it  is  that  if  the  latter  had  been  the  sole  aim  in  their  selec- 
tion, no  more  beautiful  sites  could  have  been  chosen. 

Where  in  all  the  world  a  more  gorgeous  view  than  sunset  through  the 
Golden  Gate  from  the  wooded  crests  of  the  Presidio  of  San  Francisco? 
What  view  more  truly  Mediterranean  than  that  of  the  fishing  fleet  at 
Monterey,  as  seen  from  the  old  Mexican  fort  on  the  grounds  of  the 
Cavalry  post  overlooking  the  bay? 

And  Long  Beach  from  Fort  MacArthur,  situated  on  a  point  of  land 
which  overlooks  the  harbor  of  Los  Angeles,  is  like  a  view  of  the  French 
Riviera  from  off  shore. 

Fort  Rosecrans,  across  the  bay  from  San  Diego,  with  Coronado  Beach 
far  off  to  the  right,  would  be  an  ideal  site  for  a  $10,000,000  hotel  if  it  were 
not  already  occupied  as  a  coast  defense. 

And  far  to  the  north  and  east  it  is  the  same :  Fort  Lawton,  with  its 
view  over  Puget  Sound,  to  the  snow-capped  mountains  beyond — Fort 
Worden,  our  most  northwestern  post,  looking  out  over  the  Straits  of 
Juan  de  Fuca  to  the  British  island  of  Victoria ! 

But  this  is  not  an  appeal  to  tourists  nor  an  attempt  to  sell  real  estate. 
The  War  Department  of  the  United  States  has  nothing  to  sell.  It  has, 
however,  something  to  give;  and  that  is  first-class  trade  training  to  every 
enlisted  man,  together  with  the  necessary  academic  instruction  that  goes 
with  it. 

What  has  gone  before  is  merely  to  intimate  that  it  will  be  given  under 
such  conditions  as  can  usually  be  enjoyed  by  the  most  wealthy  only.  What 
follows  outlines  a  little  more  fully  what  is  being  done,  with  photographs 
showing  how  it  all  looks. 

During  the  past  year  the  courses  in  General  and  Vocational  Education 
offered  at  the  camps  and  posts  of  the  Department  have  been  in  the  stage 


41795G 


4 ^  ^  ^  ^  ^  ^  ^  ^^  ^^  ^  ^  ^  ^  U .  ^  .  -  ^.  EDUCATION  AND  RECREATION 

of  organization,  and  as  yet  are  hardly  under  way  with  full  swing.  Yet 
the  lists  of  subjects  given  for  the  various  posts  show  that  no  one  has  been 
holding  back.  Other  lists  are  given  of  subjects  which  it  is  believed  can 
be  taught  during  the  coming  year.  In  some  instances — as  when  elaborate 
machinery  must  be  installed — this  may  prove  to  be  impossible,  but  in 
general  the  subjects  mentioned  as  planned  for  any  given  camp  or  post 
may  be  counted  upon. 

In  most  instances  the  instructors  will  be  civilians,  employed  because 
of  their  special  preparation  for  the  work;  in  others,  officers  equally  well 
fitted.  In  some  cases,  generally  in  the  smaller  posts,  the  regular  utilities 
men  will  teach  such  subjects  as  Carpentry,  Tailoring,  etc.,  but  always  under 
the  general  supervision,  so  far  as  instruction  goes,  of  officers  of  the 
Education  and  Recreation  Branch, 

The  Army  also  offers  an  unusual  opportunity  for  intelligent  young 
men  who  have  for  any  reason  failed  in  the  past  to  secure  a  good  common 
school  education.  Here  while  performing  their  regular  military  duties 
they  can  enter  classes  wholly  made  up  of  men  handicapped  for  life  in  the 
same  manner  that  they  are  themselves.  Here  they  are  offered  a  chance 
to  earn  their  own  way  in  Uncle  Sam's  college  and  at  the  same  time  serve 
their  country  and  receive  for  this  service  good  pay. 

The  War  Department  has  decided  to  furnish  instruction  for  the 
enlisted  men  of  the  Army  and  what  it  decides  to  do  it  does,  and  does  well. 


CHAMPIONS 


WESTERN  DEPARTMENT,  UNITED  STATES  ARMY 


THE    END    OF    THE    RACE 


RECREATION 

THE  War  Department  realizes  that  all  work  and  no  play  is  mighty 
poor  policy  and  therefore  sees  that  every  post  is  properly  equipped 
to  give  the  soldier  as  good  a  time  as  possible.  Off  duty,  an  enlisted 
man  has  ample  opportunity  for  enjoyment.  Entertainments,  social  events, 
club  life,  athletics,  and  agreeable  companions  are  all  to  be  found  in  the 
Army.  On  enlisting,  a  man  immediately  becomes  a  member  of  a  company, 
a  regiment  or  similar  organization,  where  he  is  daily  thrown  into  contact 
with  many  other  young  men  whose  interests  are  the  same  as  his  own.  The 
most  popular  form  of  recreation  is  undoubtedly  athletics.  Every  enlisted 
man  and  officer  is  interested  in  the  success  of  the  athletic  teams  represent- 
ing his  post  or  organization.  The  War  Department  has  been  exceptionally 
liberal  in  providing  equipment  of  the  very  best  quality  for  athletic  sports 
of  all  kinds.  Baseballs,  bats,  footballs,  boxing  gloves,  wrestling  mats, 
bowling  alleys,  and  athletic  fields  are  furnished  in  every  permanent  post, 
and  often  an  up-to-date  gymnasium. 

In  the  Western  Department  the  posts  are  placed  in  athletic  districts 
according  to  location,  and  each  district  conducts  championship  leagues  and 
tournaments  in  all  the  usual  popular  sports.  Each  year  when  the  district 
champions  have  been  determined,  the  Department  conducts  a  big  depart- 
ment championship  series,  usually  in  San  Francisco,  to  pick  the  best  team 
in  the  West,  all  the  district  champions  being  allowed  to  compete. 

At  the  time  of  writing  the  Western  Department  championships  in 
wrestling,  boxing,  swimming,  and  track  and  field  sports  have  just  been 
completed  for  1920.  All  the  winners  in  these  sports  have  been  ordered  to 
St.  Louis  to  compete  with  the  winners  from  other  departments  and  the 
A.  E.  F.  in  Germany.    The  winners  of  these  contests  will  probably  be  sent 


EDUCATION  AND  RECREATION 


to  Antwerp  this  summer  to  represent  the  United  States  on  the  great 
American  Olympic  Team,  which  will  compete  with  the  teams  of  the  other 
countries  of  the  world. 

Basketball,  bowling  and  football  also  are  popular,  the  latter  especially 
in  the  larger  posts.  Bowling  leagues  keep  the  pin  topplers  busy  all  the 
year  round. 

In  addition  to  athletics,  every  post  has  a  service  club  which  is  the 
center  for  the  social  activities.  These  clubs  are  housed  in  special  buildings 
and  provide  every  convenience  for  an  up-to-date  men's  club.  Comfortable 
chairs,  davenports,  couches,  all  the  latest  magazines,  a  well-selected  library, 
and  writing  tables  with  writing  paper  are  always  furnished  free  of  cost. 

A  game  room  with  equipment  for  pool  and  billiards,  chess,  checkers, 
cards,  etc.,  is  also  maintained. 

A  large  assembly  room  is  maintained  with  comfortable  chairs  where 
moving  pictures  are  shown  several  nights  a  week  and  where  shows  and 
concerts  are  held.  For  these  shows  an  admission  of  10  cents  is  charged, 
no  war  tax  to  soldiers.  With  this  exception  all  amusements  are  free  unless 
the  men  themselves  arrange  parties  of  dances  or  amateur  theatricals  at 
which  they  set  their  own  price  for  admission. 

A  hostess  is  employed  in  most  posts.  She  presides  over  a  special  re- 
ception room  or  building  wherein  enlisted  men  may  meet  their  young 
lady  friends.  In  addition  to  acting  as  a  chaperon  to  the  young  ladies 
visiting  the  post,  the  hostess  acts  as  mother  or  sister  advisor  to  the  men. 
She  is  a  woman  picked  for  the  position  because  of  her  knowledge  of  what 
soldiers  need  in  the  way  of  social  life.  She  helps  arrange  dances  and 
parties  in  the  post  to  which  she  invites  girls  from  the  nearby  cities  or 
towns. 

In  short,  a  soldier  wlio  does  not  have  a  good  time  while  in  the  service 
and  who  does  not  come  out  of  the  Army  a  much  better  educated  man  with 
a  higher  earning  power  than  when  he  entered  has  no  one  but  himself  to 
blame.  It's  a  genuine  opportunity  for  any  man  who  is  dissatisfied  with 
his  present  condition  and  who  wants  to  improve  himself  and  at  the  same 
time  have  a  mighty  good  time. 


AT  THE  BAT 


WESTERN  DEPARTMENT,  UNITED  STATES  ARMY 


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Fort  Winfield  Scott 
california 

THIS  Coast  Artillery  post  is  situated  on  that  part  of  the  Presidio 
Reservation  of  San  Francisco  which  guards  the  Golden  Gate.  It  is 
about  a  mile  and  a  half  from  the  Presidio  Headquarters  and  is  reached  by 
auto  bus  running  through  the  beautiful  parked  highways  of  the  reservation. 
The  Headquarters  of  the  post  and  its  fortifications  with  heavy  guns  are 
situated  on  high  ground,  with  an  extensive  view  of  San  Francisco  Bay,  the 
Golden  Gate  and  the  Pacific  Ocean.  The  officers'  quarters  and  barracks 
for  the  men  are  constructed  of  brick  and  the  whole  has  the  appearance  of 
permanence  and  substantiality.  Fort  Scott  is  the  Headquarters  for  the 
coast  defenses  of  San  Francisco  and  controls  the  activities  at  Forts  Barry, 
Baker  and  Miley,  subordinate  posts  of  the  district.  It  has  all  told  no 
less  than  eleven  companies  of  Coast  Artillery. 

This  old  fort,  built  at  the  water's  edge  in  the  late  fifties  of  the  last 
century,  was  the  sentinel  of  the  Golden  Gate  for  decades,  and  though  now 
obsolete,  it  still  stands  as  an  example  of  what  was  in  its  day  the  final 
word  in  coast  defense  fortification.  It  is  occupied  by  a  post  school  for 
the  training  of  chauffeurs  and  automobile  mechanics. 

During  the  past  year  vocational  instruction  has  been  given  in  Auto  and 
Truck  Driving  and  Repairing,  Carpentry,  Bookkeeping,  Stenography,  Typ- 
ing, Business  Administration,  Radio  Operating,  Shoemaking,  Acetylene 
Welding,  Printing,  Electricity  and  Music. 

Classes  have  also  been  maintained  in  Arithmetic,  Civics,  Spelling, 
Reading  and  Algebra.  Classes  for  instruction  in  other  common  and  high 
school  branches  will  be  organized,  if  a  sufficient  number  of  qualified  men 
desire  the  work. 

The  men  also  have  an  opportunity  to  secure  a  first  hand  knowledge 
of  a  number  of  trades  through  apprenticeship  instruction  while  in  the 
performance  of  assigned   duties. 


EDUCATION  AND  RECREATION 


A    WIXXIXG   TEAM 


Presidio  of  San  Francisco 


THE  Presidio  of  San  Francisco,  comprising  some  2,000  acres  of 
what  would  have  been  the  finest  residence  district  of  the  city,  has 
long  been  considered  by  officers  and  men  one  of  the  most  desirable  if  not 
the  most  desirable  post  in  the  United  States  Army.  Established  many 
years  ago  as  the  guardian  of  the  Golden  Gate,  its  then  barren  sand  hills 
were  planted  with  trees  which  now  give  many  parts  of  it  the  appearance 
of  a  virgin  forest,  while  other  parts  are  beautified  with  such  gardens  and 
lawns  as  only  the  firsf-class  landscape  artist  knows  how  to  plan.  Any 
city  would  be  proud  to  have  it  as  one  of  its  public  parks. 

The  Presidio  of  San  Francisco  is  primarily  an  Infantry  post,  being  at 
present  the  Headquarters  of  the  44th,  but  has  in  addition  one  troop  of 
the  11th  Cavalry,  a  Motor  Transport  Company,  an  Ordnance  detachment, 
one  of  the  Signal  Corps  and  a  special  School  for  Cooks  and  Bakers.  Many 
of  the  officers,  attached  to  the  Headquarters  of  the  Western  Department 
at  San  Francisco,  occupy  quarters  at  the  Presidio.  The  enlisted  men  at 
this  post  enjoy  all  the  advantage  of  a  great  city.  Fifteen  minutes  by 
trolley  is  all  that  is  necessary  to  reach  its  business  center,  while  Head- 
quarters are  as  quiet  and  secluded  as  though  situated  in  the  country.  The 
climate  of  San  Francisco  is  delightfully  bracing — never  hot  and  never  cold, 
just  the  sort  that  gives  one  "pep." 

The  War  Department  maintains  at  the  Presidio  of  San  Francisco 
one  of  its  three  principal  Motor  Transport  Depots.  The  large  accumula- 
tion of  motor  equipment  segregated  at  this  post  provides  unusual  oppor- 
tunity for  the  development  of  automobile  repair  courses. 

During  the  last  year  courses  of  instruction  have  been  maintained  for 
both  automobile  and  truck  drivers  and  repairmen.  Vocational  courses 
have  also  been  maintained  for  bookkeepers,  stenographers,  typists,  radio 
operators  and  musicians. 


WESTERN  DEPARTMENT,  UNITED  STATES  ARMY 9 

Instruction  in  Arithmetic,  English,  Geography,  Reading,  Spelling, 
Penmanship,  Rapid  Calculation,  and  Commercial  Law  has  been  successfully 
given  to  a  large  number  of  men. 

It  is  the  policy  to  provide  instruction  in  all  elementary  and  in  certain 
common  high  school  branches  if  a  sufficient  number  of  qualified  men  desire 
such  instruction. 

The  post  also  employs  skilled  craftsmen  in  a  number  of  occupations 
common  to  civil  life.  These  ofifer  apprenticeship  instruction  in  their 
various  occupations. 


Presidio  of  Monterey 

THE  Presidio  of  Monterey,  situated  on  the  Monterey  Bay  one  hun- 
dred miles  or  more  south  o-f  San  Francisco,  has  been  the  scene  of 
military  operations  since  nearly  a  century  ago,  when  the  Mexicans  first 
erected  a  fort  on  its  site. 

The  post  is  delightfully  situated  on  a  gentle  slope  overlooking  the  bay, 
with  the  Hotel  Del  Monte,  one  of  the  famous  hostelries  which  has  done 
much  to  give  California  its  renown  as  a  Mecca  for  tourists,  only  a  mile  or 
two  away  in  the  foreground.  The  famous  "Seventeen-Mile  Drive,"  which 
compares  favorably  with  some  of  the  famous  drives  of  the  French  Riviera, 
passes  in  front  of  the  post  and  includes  Pebble  Beach  and  Carmel  by  the 


SOUNDING    BRASS 


10 


EDUCATION  AND  RECREATION 


AT  WORK 


Sea,  the  well-known  colony  of  artists  and  authors.  In  fact,  no  point  on 
the  whole  Pacific  Coast  is  more  justly  renowned  for  its  beauty  of  scenery 
and  its  salubrity  of  climate. 

The  Presidio  of  Monterey  is  a  Cavalry  post,  the  Headquarters  of  the 
11th  Regimeitt  of  long  and  glorious  history.  It  has  also  a  detachment  of 
the  Motor  Transport  Corps. 

Its  structures  are  commodious,  and  conditions  of  life  exceptionally 
pleasant,  being  within  easy  walking  distance  of  the  two  towns  of  Mon- 
terey and  Pacific  Grove,  with  trolley  connections  to  both. 

Certain  troops  of  the  11th  Cavalry  are  detailed  for  short  periods  of 
service  at  the  posts  of  Calexico,  El  Campo,  California,  and  Yuma,  Arizona, 
on  the  Mexican  border,  so  every  soldier  at  Monterey  gets  his  opportunity 
to  experience  what  comes  nearest  to  being  the  "real  thing"  of  anything 
possible  in  the  Army  in  time  of  peace. 

The  post  maintains  an  Auto-mechanics  School  which  is  completely 
equipped  and  superior  to  the  average  civilian  shop,  where  the  soldier  can 
learn  auto  repairing  and  driving  under  the  instruction  of  an  expert  in  these 
lines,  and  receive  a  certificate  of  graduation  which  will  enable  him  to  get 
a  good  job  outside. 

Classes  in  Typewriting,  Stenography,  Bookkeeping  and  grammar 
grade  work  (Reading,  Writing,  Arithmetic,  Geography,  History,  etc.)  are 
maintained,  also  a  class  for  farriers  and  horseshoers.  These  are  all  taught 
by  experienced  instructors  (mostly  civilians)  hired  by  the  Government. 
Instruction  in  many  additional  subjects  is  contemplated.  In  fact,  a  young 
man  enlisting  in  the  11th  Cavalry  gets  that  never-forgotten,  valuable 
physical  and  mental  military  training  which  corrects  physical  defects, 
insures  good  health,  vigor,  personal  and  moral  cleanliness,  and  which 
teaches  promptness,  obedience,  initiative,  and  independence.  At  the  same 
time  he  learns  to  ride,  drive  and  care  for  a  horse,  secures  instruction  in 
a  trade  free  of  all  charge,  is  furnished  food,  clothing,  medical  attendance 
and  with  all  receives  good  pay. 


WESTERN  DEPARTA4ENT,  UNITED  STATES  ARMY 


11 


Outside  the  military  and  trade  school  instruction  the  men  have  ample 
time  for  athletics  and  recreation. 

A  handsome  Service  Club  has  just  been  opened  here  containing  a 
gymnasium,  bowling  alley,  reading  and  pool  rooms.  A  victrola,  a  player 
piano,  and  equipment  for  numerous  games  are  furnished. 

There  is  also  a  Hostess  House,  with  comfortable,  attractive  reception 
rooms,  where  the  men  can  bring  their  girl  friends  or  relatives,  and  where 
a  hostess  is  in  attendance  to  see  that  they  are  made  to  feel  at  home. 

Motion  pictures  three  times  a  week,  dances  once  a  week,  and  an  occa- 
sional boxing  match  provide  amusements  for  the  evenings. 

Monthly  mounted  and  dismounted  athletic  meets  are  held  out  at 
Moss  Beach  (the  beautiful  drill  ground  recently  leased  by  the  Govern- 
ment) or  at  the  Del  Monte  Polo  Field. 

At  Monterey  and  Pacific  Grove,  just  outside  the  post,  swimming  pools 
are  available. 

Young  men  !  Spend  a  year  with  the  famous  11th  "Horse."  You  will 
never  regret  it ! 


Fort  Mac  Arthur 
los  angeles,  california 

FORT  MacARTHUR  is  within  easy  reach  by  electric  car  line  of  Los 
Angeles  and  its  popular  beaches,  including  Santa  Monica,  Venice  and 
Long  Beach,  which  rival  Atlantic  City  and  Coney  Island  in  size  and 
bustle.     Surf  bathing,  hunting  and  fishing  are  nearby  for  active  men. 

The  post  maintains  a  baseball  team  which  plays  the  Navy  and  Army 
teams  of  the  vicinity  as   far  as   San   Diego   and   March   Field.     A  volley 


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OFF   DUTY 


12 


EDUCATION  AND  RECREATION 


ball  court  is  in  daily  use,  and  is  to  be  supplemented  in  June  by  a  handball 
court.  The  Post  Exchange  has  a  bowling  alley  and  well-equipped  gym- 
nasium, and  all  companies  as  well  as  the  Service  Club  have  pool  tables. 

The  Service  Club  is  a  large  and  comfortable  building,  built  and  run 
during  the  war  by  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  It  is  now  the  soldiers'  club  and  has 
all  the  facilities  that  a  good  city  club  ordinarily  offers  its  members.  It 
has  a  library  of  general  literature.  For  the  studious  soldier  a  room  in 
the  Post  Exchange  has  been  set  aside  as  a  study  room,  and  by  the  efforts 
of  the  Chaplain  and  the  good  will  of  the  Exchange  Council,  a  fine  tech- 
nological library  has  been  accumulated  and  the  room  comfortably  fitted  out. 

A  large,  w^ell-ventilated,  steam-heated  building  erected  as  a  hospital 
during  the  war  has  been  converted  into  a  post  school  building.  The 
afternoons,  from  1:00  to  4:30,  are,  in  general,  occupied  in  the  education 
of  the  soldier,  including  an  educational  program  and  vocational  training. 

The  educational  school  has  now  three  classes,  the  first  pursuing  ele- 
mentary courses  in  Reading,  Writing,  and  Arithmetic,  under  a  civilian 
instructor.  The  second  includes  courses  in  History,  Geography,  English 
and  Arithmetic,  taught  by  the  Chaplain.  The  upper  class  is  now  studying 
Algebra.  This  class  is  now  small,  but  last  Fall  had  a  larger  attendance 
and  under  an  officer's  instruction  studied  Geometry  and  Trigonometry. 
As  the  school  attendance  increases  the  number  of  grades  will  be  increased. 
A  special  course  in  Spanish  is  to  be  introduced  in  June. 

The  vocational  courses  are  now  Automobile  Mechanics  (taught  by  an 
expert  civilian  machinist  and  supervised  by  the  Motor  Transport  Officer), 
Shorthand  and  Typewriting,  Electrical  Lineman's  work  and  Printing.  The 
number  of  courses  will  be  increased  as  the  attendance  grows.  In  fitting 
out  the  shops,  the  Government  has  been  liberal.  A  course  in  Poultry 
Raising  is  being  introduced,  and  a  course  in  Carpentry  is  contemplated. 


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POUNDING    THE    KEYS 


WESTERN  DEPARTMENT,  UNITED  STATES  ARMY 


13 


PROSPECTIVE   SOUSAS 


Ross  Field 

ARCADIA,  CALIFORNIA 


IT  IS  not  a  long  hop  from  March  Field  to  Ross  Field,  the  Balloon 
School  of  the  Western  Department,  and  if  possible  take  it  through  the 
air,  as  then  you  will  be  able  to  appreciate  the  real  beauties  of  rural  Cali- 
fornia at  its  best.  Ross  Field  occupies  the  famous  Lucky  Baldwin  Ranch 
and  its  landing  place  is  within  the  inclosure  of  the  old  race  track.  Just 
behind,  is  Mount  Wilson,  and  stretching  away  to  Pasadena,  8  or  10  miles 
distant  and  reached  by  a  trolley,  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  expanses  of 
cultivated  lands  to  be  found  in  the  world. 

Educational  and  recreational  work  in  the  Army  can  be  summed  up 
in  one  word :  opportunity.  This  opportunity  exists  at  practically  every 
place  where  units  of  the  United  States  Army  are  stationed. 

At  Ross  Field  the  opportunities  are  exceptional.  There  is  equipment 
for  work  in  any  of  the  following  branches :  Motor  Transport  Work  in 
all  its  phases;  Mechanical  Drawing;  Typewriting  and  Stenography;  Rig- 
ging and  Fabric  Work;  Gas  Production  Instruction;  many  branches  of 
Electrical  Work,  such  as  Lineman,  Telephone  Operator  and  Radio 
Operator;  Auto  Painting;  Storage  Battery  Work;  Vulcanizing  and  Tire 
Repairing;   Blacksmithing;   Pigeon  Raising,  and  Meteorological  Work. 

Many  men  who  have  obtained  their  training  at  this  post  are  now 
holding  responsible  positions  with  commercial  firms.  With  the  establish- 
ment of  the  various  large  plants  of  rubber  concerns  in  this  immediate 
vicinity,  there  is  a  continual  call  for  skilled  workers  and  sufficient  training 
can  be  secured  at  this  post  to  insure  the  placing  of  practically  all  men  after 
discharge,  who  complete  the  training. 

Recreational  facilities  are  excellent.  There  is  a  well-equipped  Service 
Club;  and  excellent  swimming  pool,  holding  somewhat  over  three  million 


14 


EDUCATION  AND  RECREATION 


gallons;  and  other  equipment  offering  opportunity  for  various  forms  of 
athletic  exercise. 

This  post  is  located  near  Los  Angeles  and  facilities  for  visiting  nearby 
cities  are  excellent. 

Any  earnest  student  possessing  the  necessary  mental  qualifications 
can  practically  be  assured  of  successfully  completing  any  course  desired. 
In  addition  to  the  advantages  offered  by  civil  employment,  many  of  the 
courses  are  such  as  to  lead  to  a  high  rating  in  the  Air  Service,  with  good 
pay  and  allowances. 

Every  effort  is  being  made  to  give  men  full  opportunity  to  take  advan- 
tage of  any  course  which  will  result  in  their  betterment  for  future  civil  or 
military  pursuits. 


March  Field 
riverside,  california 

AND  now,  in  our  swing  through  the  camps  and  posts  of  Southern 
California,  we  reach  the  air.  March  Field  is  one  of  the  big  flying 
fields  of  the  Army.  Situated  a  few  miles  south  of  Riverside,  in  the  heart 
of  the  orange  country,  it  enjoys  par  excellence  all  that  inland  Southern 
California  has  to  offer  in  the  way  of  sunshine  and  salubrity. 

All  the  activities  at  the  post  have  to  do  with  the  Air  Service.  It 
maintains  a  school  for  privates,  a  flying  school  detachment,  a  photographic 
section,  and  a  radio  detachment.  Nowhere  can  we  find  a  more  animated 
and  interesting  sight  than  the  landing  field  when  the  cadets  from  the  school 
for  air  pilots  are  receiving  instruction,  with  its  scores  of  planes  in  the  air 


ON    THE   KOAU 


WESTERN  DEPARTMENT,  UNITED  STATES  ARMY  15 


MUSIC    HATH   CHARMS 


and  on  the  ground,  alighting,  springing  into  flight  and  buzzing  about  like 
a  flock  of  elephantine  dragon  flies. 

But  their  training  is  not  by  any  means  all  had  on  the  flying  field. 
Each  man  must  understand  every  detail  of  the  intricate  mechanism  which 
bears  him  along,  and  this  means  the  most  intensive ,  study  of  internal- 
combustion  engines,  of  ignition,  of  radiation,  of  lubrication,  of  wings  and 
body. 

All  this  makes  necessary  most  elaborate  equipment.  And  this  March 
Eield  possesses  to  the  highest  point  of  perfection.  Men  who  have  received 
their  training  there  are  in  such  demand  that  they  can  hardly  be  retained 
in  the  service. 

During  the  month  of  May  of  last  year  96  per  cent  of  the  men  at  March 
Field  were  receiving  instruction  in  general  education  and  vocational 
subjects. 

The  courses  of  instruction  maintained  included  the  following:  English, 
Spelling,  Penmanship,  Arithmetic,  Algebra,  Journalism,  Music,  Airplane 
Rigging  and  Assembling,  Welding,  Sheet  Metal  Work,  Plumbing,  Black- 
smithing,  Tool  Making,  Machine  and  other  Gun  Repairing,  Airplane  Motor 
Repairing,  Machine  Shop  Work,  Mechanical  Drafting,  Cooking,  Baking, 
Telephone  Operating  and  Repairing,  Radio  Operating,  Storekeeping,  Sten- 
ography and  Typing,  Clerking,  Carpentry,  Tire  Repairing  and  Vulcanizing, 
and  Automobile,  Truck,  Tractor,  and  Motorcycle  Driving  and  Repairing. 


16 


EDUCATION  AND  RECREATION 


Vancouver  Barracks 
washington 

THE  camps  and  posts  of  the  Western  Department  do  not  abomid  in 
historic  monuments,  but  we  have  at  Vancouver  Barracks  at  least  one 
structure  which  takes  us  back  to  pre-Civil  War  days ;  the  residence  occu- 
pied by  U.  S.  Grant  when  stationed  at  the  post  in  the  late  fifties  is  now 
used  as  an  officers'  club.  The  post  is  just  across  the  Columbia  River  from 
the  city  of  Portland,  Oregon,  in  the  extreme  southern  part  of  the  State  of 
Washington  and  not  at  all  in  the  Vancouver  Island  region,  as  many  have 
supposed  from  its  name.  It  is  essentially  a  city  post,  since  its  proximity  to 
Portland  makes  possible  all  city  advantages.  It  is  beautifully  situated  on 
a  slope  overlooking  the  Columbia  River  with  white-capped  mountains  in 
the  distance  and  the  buildings,  shaded  by  trees  of  long  growth,  give  the 
whole  more  the  appearance  of  a  New  England  college  campus  than  of  a 
military  post. 

At  present  two  companies  of  the  44th  Infantry  and  detachments  of  the 
Hospital,  Motor  Transport  and  Signal  Corps  are  stationed  at  the  post. 

Last  year  vocational  courses  were  offered  telegraph  operators,  switch- 
board operators,  typists,  stenographers,  musicians,  moving  picture  opera- 
tors, and  automobile,  truck,  and  motorcycle  drivers  and  repairmen. 

Instruction  was  also  given  in  Arithmetic  and  English. 

Should  there  be  a  sufficient  demand  for  the  work,  classes  will  be 
organized  in  the  other  elementary  and  in  certain  common  high  school 
branches  of  instruction. 


CATERPILLARS 


WESTERN  DEPARTMENT,  UNITED  STATES  ARMY 


17 


I.OOKS    GOOD    TO    ME 


Camp  Lewis 
washington 


CAMP  LEWIS  is  the  largest  post  in  the  Western  Department,  with  an 
entire  brigade  of  C.  A.  C. ;  two  regiments  of  Infantry ;  Medical 
Supply  Depot ;  Motor  Transport  Company ;  Service  Park  Unit ;  Fire  Truck 
and  Hose  Company ;  and  School  for  Bakers  and  Cooks. 

It  is  situated  at  American  Lake,  about  15  miles  southwest  of  Tacoma, 
and  is  one  of  the  large  cantonments  built  in  1917  as  a  training  post  for 
men  for  overseas  service  and  right  well  did  it  serve  its  purpose,  for  more 
than  100,000  men  received  their  training  there,  the  maximum  strength  of 
the  post  having  been  reached  in  November,  1918,  when  there  were  60,000 
men  at  the  camp. 

Although  essentially  a  cantonment  of  the  usual  type,  Camp  Lewis  has 
been  embellished  and  groomed  at  so  many  points  that  it  has  lost  to  a 
considerable  extent  the  poverty-stricken  look  of  bareness  and  barrenness 
so  characteristic  of  many  of  the  large  temporary  cantonments. 

Wood  was  plentiful  and  many  of  the  barracks  have  been  ornamented 
with  rustic  porches  and  pergolas,  the  work  of  former  occupants.  Some 
attempts  have  also  been  made  at  landscape  gardening  with,  on  the  whole, 
satisfactory  results. 

A  tract  contiguous  to  the  camp  is  occupied  by  the  usual  commercial 
and  amusement  concerns. 

On  the  whole,  Camp  Lewis  is  the  most  habitable  of  all  the  many  can- 
tonments of  the  war-time  period.  Its  extent  is  very  great,  covering  some 
70,000  acres,  a  comparatively  small  portion  of  which  is  occupied  by  the 
camp  proper,  the  rest  being  used  for  mihtary  maneuvers  and  artillery 
target  practice. 


18 


EDUCATION  AND  RECREATION 


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Concerning  education  at  the  camp  the  education  and  recreation  officer 
writes  as   follows : 

"The  educational  and  vocational  work  together  with  the  recreational 
activities  at  Camp  Lewis,  aim  to  provide  the  soldier  with  the  necessary 
environment  for  a  well-rounded  and  fully  developed  life.  Our  purpose  is 
to  give  him  the  mental,  moral,  physical,  and  technical  training  essential 
to  a  high  standard  of  living  while  he  is  in  the  service,  and  after  he  returns 
to  civil  life.  It  is  constantly  kept  in  mind  that  this  preparation  for  com- 
plete living  can  be  brought  about  only  by  a  systematic  direction  of  the 
soldiers'  work,  study,  and  play  whereby  these  activities  are  all  unified  for 
the  purpose  of  building  substantial  character  in  the  individual  and  high 
morale  in  the  group. 

"In  the  educational  and  vocational  work  we  are  giving  the  men  the 
courses  which  they  want  and  most  need  and  which  can  be  readily  utilized 
in  making  a  living  when  they  leave  the  service.  Every  man  in  camp  has 
the  opportunity  of  taking  fifteen  hours  each  week  in  the  branches  he 
desires  and  for  which  he  is  fitted. 

"Our  course  in  Auto-Mechanics,  which  has  enrolled  more  men  than 
any  other  course,  covers  an  entire  year  of  work.  It  includes  a  chauf- 
feurs' course.  General  Repairing  of  touring  cars,  trucks,  motorcycles  and 
tractors,  Vulcanizing,  Battery  Charging,  Machine  Shop  Work  and  Draft- 


WESTERN  DEPARTMEXT,  UNITED  STATES  ARMY 


19 


LEWIS 


ing.  The  time  is  evenly  divided  between  classroom  and  shop  work. 
There  is  a  definite  period  in  which  to  cover  each  unit  of  the  course.  A 
complete  outline  of  each  unit  is  placed  in  the  student's  hand.  During  the 
classroom  hour  he  is  given  the  theory  of  the  practical  work  that  he  will 
do  the  next  hour  in  the  shop.  At  the  next  session  he  is  tested  to  ascertain 
whether  or  not  he  has  fully  united  the  practical  work  with  the  theoretical. 
By  using  the  various  makes  of  motor  vehicles  at  hand  it  is  hoped  to  give 
him  such  a  general  knowledge,  theoretical  and  practical,  of  the  mechanism, 
systems  of  ignition,  etc.,  as  will  enable  him  to  take  up  general  repair  work. 

"Next  to  Auto-Mechanics  the  commercial  courses  have  enrolled  the 
largest  number  of  men.  These  courses  include  Typewriting,  Shorthand, 
Commercial  Arithmetic,  Commercial  English  and  Commercial  Law,  and 
are  open  to  men  who  have  a  public  school  training.  Our  aim  is  not 
simply  to  make  stenographers  or  bookkeepers,  but  rather  to  give  the 
students  practical  training  along  business  lines.     We  also  have : 

"A  course  in  Electricity,  which  trains  telephone  electricians,  radio 
operators  and  linemen. 

"A  course  in  Highway  Construction  and  Topography  which  includes 
Surveying,  Drafting  and  Topography. 

"A  course  in  Band  and  Orchestral  Music. 

"A  course  for  bakers  and  cooks." 


20 


EDUCATION  AND  RECREATION 


In  addition  to  the  above,  Camp  Lewis  offers  instruction  in  all  of  the 
elementary  school  branches  such  as  Arithmetic,  Civics,  English,  Geography, 
Spelling,  and  Penmanship;  and  in  all  of  the  common  high  school  branches 
such  as  History,  Mathematics,  Science,  and  Modern  Languages. 

A  farm  school  is  being  planned  for  the  camp,  wherein  enlisted  men 
may  secure  farm  practice  and  scientific  instruction  in  Mechanics,  Animal 
Husbandry,  Horticulture  and  General  Farming. 

Being  both  an  infantry  and  an  artillery  post.  Camp  Lewis  offers  unusu- 
ally good  opportunities  for  men  to  secure,  by  the  apprenticeship  method, 
instruction  in  a  large  number  of  trades  common  to  civil  as  well  as  military 
life. 


Fort  Lawton 
seattle,  washington 

IF  ONE  were  to  choose  a  site  for  a  palatial  estate,  near  enough  to  a 
large  city  to  enjoy  its  advantages  without  suffering  from  its  defects; 
with  a  climate  lacking  extremes  of  temperature  and  with  an  unsurpassed 
view  of  land  and  water  and  again  land  on  the  other  side,  he  could  hardly 
do better  than  did  he  who  chose  Fort  Lawton  for  a  military  post.  From 
its  site  some  six  miles  north  of  Seattle,  Washington,  it  looks  to  the  west 
across  Puget  Sound  to  the  massive  peaks  of  the  Olympic  Range.  A  perfect 
automobile  road  leads  to  the  city,  while  for  those  less  fortunate  a  trolley 
station  is  near  the  Post  Headquarters. 

The  buildings  of  the  post  are  sufficiently  old  to  be  homelike  and  one 
may  consider  himself  fortunate  to  be  able  to  occupy  them,  either  as  officer 
or  man.     The  post  is  manned  by  three  companies  of  the  44th  Infantry. 


AT    PLAY 


WESTERN  DEPARTMENT,  UNITED  STATES  ARMY  21 


WHERE    YOU    MEET   YOUR   GIRL 

Last  year,  class  instruction  was  maintained  in  Arithmetic,  Civics, 
English,  Reading,  Penmanship,  Geography.  Spelling,  and  United  States 
History;  also  in  Stenography,  Typewriting,  Music,  Acetylene  Welding,  and 
Auto  Repairing. 

Instruction  will  be  provided  in  other  general  educational  subjects  when 
the  number  of  qualified  persons  desiring  such  instruction  is  sufficient  to 
warrant  the  establishment  of  the  classes. 

A  number  of  skilled  craftsmen  are  employed  at  the  post.  Assignment 
to  duty  with  these  craftsmen  will  enable  enlisted  men  to  secure  instruction 
in  a  number  of  the  occupations  common  to  civil  as  well  as  military  life. 


Fort  George  Wright 
spokane,  washington 

FORT  GEORGE  WRIGHT  is  situated  on  a  beautiful  pine-covered 
eminence  overlooking  the  river  and  city.  The  river  abounds  in  rapids 
and  marvelous  waterfalls,  the  inexhaustible  energy  of  which  has  been 
harnessed  to  turn  the  wheels  of  industry  in  Spokane,  the  Power  City  of 
America. 

A  thirty-minute  street  car  service  is  maintained  between  city  and  fort. 

The  barracks  and  other  buildings  of  the  post  are  constructed  of  brick, 
and  are  in  every  way  modern  and  up-to-date. 

A  large  number  of  nearby  lakes  furnishes  a  splendid  opportunity  for 
outings  for  those  who  enjoy  fishing  and  other  aquatic  sports. 

And  Spokane,  which  has  a  population  of  more  than  a  hundred  thou- 
sand, offers  all  of  the  attractions  of  the  modern  city. 

A  part  of  the  historic  21st  Infantry  is  now  stationed  at  this  post. 

By  the  close  of  the  last  year,  class  instruction  was  being  maintained  in 
English,  Spelling  and  Arithmetic. 

Vocational  instruction  and  training  were  also  being  given  in  Horse- 


22 


EDUCATION  AND  RECREATION 


shoeing;  Auto,  Truck,  and  Motorcycle  Driving  and  Repairing;  Stenog- 
raphy and  Typewriting. 

Whenever  a  sufficient  number  of  qualified  persons  desire  instruction 
in  any  of  the  elementary  and  advanced  general  educational  subjects,  classes 
in  these  subjects  will  be  organized. 

Men  will  be  offered  the  usual  opportunities  to  secure  through  the 
apprenticeship  system  training  and  experience  in  such  occupations  as  are 
commonly  carried  on  at  the  post. 


Fort  Stevens 

OREGON 

FORT  STEVENS,  near  the  city  of  Astoria,  Oregon,  and  situated  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Columbia  River,  is  the  headquarters  post  for  the  coast 
defenses  of  that  river.  It  has  as  subordinate  posts  within  the  districts, 
and  to  which  men  from  Fort  Stevens  are  detailed  for  short  periods  of 
service,  Fort  Columbia  just  across  the  river,  and  Forts  Canby  and  Willapa 
Bay  to  the  north. 

Fort  Stevens  is  one  of  the  older  coast  defense  posts  of  the  Pacific 
Coast,  and  has  about  it  the  delightfully  homelike  characteristics  which 
come  with  age  and  maturity.  The  buildings  are  large,  commodious  and 
restful  and  I  can  imagine  no  more  delightful  station  for  one  who  is  willing 
to  be  removed  for  awhile  from  the  active  bustle  of  city  life  and  who  is 
fond  of  hunting  and  fishing.  The  station  is  in  the  midst  of  the  salmon 
fisheries  of  the  Columbia  River,  in  a  region  abounding  in  water  fowl  of 


SOME  TEAM 


WESTERN  DEPARTMENT,  UNITED  STATES  ARMY 


23 


TAKING    THE    SUN 


all  varieties,  and  a  rod  and  a  gun  would  be  important  accessories  to 
one's  kit. 

Transportation  is  easy,  both  by  rail  and  by  boat  to  Portland,  the 
Oregon  metropolis,  so  Fort  Stevens  is  not  so  isolated  a  point  as  might 
otherwise  be  inferred  from  this  brief  description. 

Three  companies  of  Coast  Artillery  are  stationed  at  the  post. 

The  Vocational  Courses  are  the  chief  ones  of  interest  at  the  fort.  The 
automotive  course  is  the  most  complete  and  draws  the  most  students.  The 
instructors  are  specialists  in  that  branch  and  make  the  best  use  of  their 
complete  equipment.  The  shop  is  always  full  of  work  of  a  practical  sort 
and  the  actual  doing  of  everything  in  each  course  makes  skilled  men. 

Other  vocational  courses  of  importance  are  Typing  and  Music.  The 
touch  system  of  typewriting  is  taught  with  a  view  to  accuracy  and  speed. 
Musical  instruments  are  supplied  and  instruction  on  any  instrument  desired 
is  given.  Motion  picture  operating  is  taught  from  the  practical  side  of 
handling  the  machine  in  actual  operation. 

The  educational  course  is  of  great  importance.  It  is  maintained  for 
those  who  desire  to  increase  their  knowledge  along  general  educational 
lines  or  who  did  not  have  the  opportunity  to  finish  high  school  or  common 
school.  There  is  no  embarrassment  as  to  age  or  lack  of  former  schooling 
when  you  finish  your  education  in  the  Army. 

Recreation  is  varied  in  those  pleasures  most  desired.  Athletic  teams 
for  every  season  of  the  year  are  organized  and  schedule  games  with  the 
leading  opposition  in  the  surrounding  country.  All  equipment  is  furnished 
and  traveling  expenses  paid.  Fort  Stevens  has  a  large  gymnasium  well 
fitted  with  the  latest  equipment.  There  is  a  post  theatre  where  motion 
pictures  can  be  seen  three  times  a  week.  Weekly  dances  are  held  in  the 
auditorium.  The  tennis  court  is  always  full  on  clear  days.  The  Service 
Club  is  well  supplied  with  books  of  fiction,  daily  newspapers  and  late  maga- 
zines. Reading  and  writing  rooms  and  pool  and  billiard  tables  are  enjoyed 
at  the  Service  Club  and  in  all  the  companies. 


24 EDUCATION  AND  RECREATION 

Fort  Worden 
washington 

THIS  is  the  most  northwestern  of  the  militar}'^  camps  and  posts  of 
the  United  States,  and  for  those  who  do  not  consider  the  activities 
of  city  life  essential  to  their  happiness,  should  be  one  of  the  most  desirable. 
Fort  Worden  is  situated  at  the  point  where  Puget  Sound  opens  into  the 
Straits  of  Juan  de  Fuca,  and  with  its  subordinate  posts,  Forts  Casey, 
Ward  and  Flagler,  forms  the  coast  defense  of  the  Sound  and  consequently 
of  Seattle  and  Tacoma.  It  is  situated  a  mile  or  more  from  the  city  of 
Port  Townsend,  Washington,  formerly  a  city  of  importance,  but  since 
Seattle  became  the  terminus  of  the  great  transcontinental  railroad  lines, 
not  a  growing  center  of  population.  The  post  occupies  a  slight  valley 
facing  Puget  Sound,  with  the  fortification  on  an  eminence  at  the  left, 
and  with  Forts  Flagler  and  Casey  in  front  and  across  the  broad  expanse 
of  water  through  which  all  shipping  to  the  ports  of  Seattle  and  Tacoma 
must  pass.  Communication  between  the  post  and  the  outside  world  is  had 
by  means  of  a  line  of  fast  boats  which  make  the  run  of  40  miles  between 
Port  Townsend  and  Seattle  in  less  than  three  hours.  Two  trips  each  day 
are  made  by  boats  of  this  line  and  slower  Government  boats  make  several 
weekly  runs. 

For  more  than  a  year  educational  courses  have  been  offered  in  this 
command.  At  present  instruction  is  being  offered  in  Arithmetic,  Algebra, 
Plane  Geometry,  Logarithms,  Plane  Trigonometry,  Spelling,  Writing, 
English,  Physics,  and  Elementary  Electricity.  The  length  of  the  educa- 
tional courses  is  approximately  three  months.  In  this  time,  men  who  have 
received  a  common  school  education  usually  complete  the  prescribed 
course  without  much  difficulty,  while  those  who  have  received  but  little 


INSPECTING  THE  BOSS 


WESTERN  DEPARTMENT,  UNITED  STATES  ARMY 


25 


OFFICE    MUSIC 


previous  education  are  allowed  more  time.  When  a  man  is  detailed  to 
pursue  an  educational  course,  practically  his  entire  time  is  given  over  to 
study  and  recitation. 

A  six  months'  course  in  Shorthand,  Typewriting,  Surveying,  and  Me- 
chanical Drafting  is  open  to  all  men  whose  training  has  been  sufficient  to 
warrant  their  enrollment.  Men  taking  these  courses  devote  practically 
their  entire  time  to  study  and  recitation.  A  six  months'  course  in  Agri- 
culture and  Automobile  Mechanics  is  also  offered.  Men  taking  these  two 
courses  are  relieved  of  military  duties  every  afternoon  to  take  up  their 
vocational  studies.  Theoretical  instruction  is  provided  for  in  evening 
classes.  Motion  picture  operators  receive  a  practical  four  months'  course, 
actually  operating,  repairing  and  maintaining  motion  picture  machines. 
On  board  the  U.  S.  A.  M.  P.,  Samuel  Ringgold,  two  three-year  courses  are 
being  given  in  Navigation  and  Marine  Engineering. 

Before  men  are  permitted  to  enroll  in  vocational  courses,  they  must 
satisfy  certain  educational  prerequisites.  These  can  be  met  by  satisfac- 
torily completing  the  courses  offered  in  the  Non-commissioned  Officers' 
School,  which  includes  the  educational  subjects  mentioned  above. 

When  a  student  completes  a  course  of  instruction  in  the  vocational 
schools,  he  is  then  detailed  on  some  duty  in  which  he  can  further  improve 
himself,  so  that  at  the  expiration  of  his  term  of  service  he  is  competent 
to  take  up  in  civil  life  the  vocation  he  has  chosen  to  pursue  in  the  Army. 

The  general  policy  kept  in  view  in  the  conduct  of  vocational  training 
in  this  command  is  such  that  a  discharged  soldier  with  character  "Excel- 
lent" and  a  certificate  of  proficiency  will  need,  when  seeking  civil  employ 
ment,  no  further  proof  of  character  or  ability. 


26 


EDUCATION  AND  RECREATION 


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POSING 


Fort  D.  A.  Russell 

CHEYENNE,  WYOMING 


THINGS  are  being  done  at  Fort  D.  A.  Russell,  Wyoming,  which 
were  unthought  of  a  year  ago.  We  are  making  soldiers  and  better 
citizens  out  here  near  Old  Cheyenne.  The  days  of  the  "hair  pants"  and 
the  riata  have  gone;  they  have  joined  the  scrub  cow  pony  and  the  scrawny 
range  steer. 

"Men  of  our  classes  in  Farming  and  Stock  Raising  are  getting  ready 
to  join  the  ranks  of  the  scientific  farmers,  and  breeders  of  high-grade 
Herefords  and  Jerseys. 

"In  other  classes  men  can  be  found  learning  to  handle  iron  and  steel 
over  the  forges,  burning  their  fingers  learning  to  make  wipe  joints  in  the 
Plumbers'  and  Steamfitters'  shops,  or  busy  with  a  T-square  and  triangle 
in  the  Contractors  and  Builders'  School. 

"There  are  ten  different  schools  in  as  many  different  trades  going  on 
every  afternoon,  and  a  master  craftsman  in  charge  of  each.  But  the  hours 
are  so  arranged  for  these  trade  courses  that  any  student  can  have  an 
educational  course  as  well. 

"The  regular  educational  courses  last  from  1:30  to  4:30  p.  m.,  but 
many  of  the  men  in  the  vocational  courses  have  found  they  could  not 
keep  up  with  their  fellow  students  without  better  training  in  Mathematics. 
They  have  requested  such  an  arrangement  of  hours  that  they  may  attend 
this  educational  course  in  addition  to  the  vocational  course. 

"These  men  were  accommodated  by  making  the  hours  for  vocational 
training  from  3  :00  to  6  :00  p.  m.,  which  allows  them  one  and  one-half  hours 
in  the  mathematical  sections,  and  full  advantage  is  being  taken  of  the 
opportunities  offered. 


WESTERN  DEPARTMENT,  UNITED  STATES  ARMY 


27 


"As  an  added  feature  of  the  vocational  work,  the  contractors  and 
other  employers  of  skilled  workmen  have  placed  their  facilities  at  our 
disposal,  so  that  the  students  have  opportunities  for  practical  experience 
in  the  shops,  etc, 

"The  United  Trades  Council  of  the  City  of  Cheyenne  is  heartily  sup- 
porting us  in  the  vocational  work,  a  moral  support  which  means  much  in 
a  strongly  unionized  section  such  as  this. 

"In  the  way  of  amusements  we  have  several  baseball  teams,  polo, 
moving  picture  theatre,  a  gymnasium,  weekly  dances,  and  a  Service  Club 
that  is  going  to  be  a  big  feature. 

"Fort  D.  A.  Russell  is  a  modern,  up-to-date  post.  The  buildings  are 
new,  and  equipped  with  all  the  modern  conveniences.  In  this  respect  it 
probably  ranks  first  of  all  the  army  posts.  There  are  none  of  the  dis- 
comforts of  tent  life  on  the  border,  and  we  look  forward  to  the  time  when 
Fort  D.  A.  Russell  will  be  one  of  the  most  important  nuclei  of  that  grow- 
ing feature  of  American  national  life,  the  Army  university." 

Fort  Douglas 
salt  lake  city,  utah 

SITUATED  three  or  four  miles  from  the  center  of  the  Mormon  capital, 
just  at  the  base  of  the  foothills,  on  an  eminence  which  overlooks  the 
city  and  the  great  Salt  Lake,  beyond.  Fort  Douglas  occupies  a  site  unsur- 
passed.    Being  one  of  the   oldest   of  the  Western   forts,  its  grounds  are 


^^^^^B  ^                        ^^^^PS 

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PLANNING    IIILIK   i- UTURE    HOMES 


28 


EDUCATION  AND  RECREATION 


FUTURE   LAND   HOLDERS 


fully  developed.  Its  buildings  are  modern  and  up-to-date  and  its  streets 
are  lined  with  shade  trees,  giving  a  homelike  and  livable  air  to  the  whole. 

A  trolley  line  and  a  perfect  automobile  road  connect  the  city  with  the 
Fort.  One  battalion  of  the  21st  Infantry  and  detachments  of  the  Motor 
Transport,  Medical  and  Ordnance  Corps,  and  a  Bakery  Company  are 
stationed  at  the  post. 

The  following  extracts  from  a  letter  received  from  the  Education 
and  Recreation  Officer  of  Fort  Douglas  describe  the  educational  oppor- 
tunities ofifered : 

"We  are  endeavoring  to  give  the  soldier  the  educational  and  voca- 
tional training  which  he  lacks  and  which  is  necessary  as  a  foundation  for 
future  success  in  both  military  and  civil  life. 

"Desiring  to  take  full  advantage  of  the  exceptional  natural  facilities 
which  we  possess  for  agricultural  and  animal  husbandry  training  and  in 
response  to  the  cry  of  the  world  for  greater  food  production,  we  are 
giving  special  attention  to  the  development  of  our  School  of  Agriculture 
and  Animal  Husbandry. 

"We  have  about  eight  hundred  acres  of  arable  land  and  available  water 
supply  sufficient  to  irrigate  more  than  half  of  this  acreage.  We  now  have 
thirty-five  acres  under  cultivation  and  are  planning  to  plow  and  prepare 
at  least  two  hundred  acres  this  fall  for  cultivation  next  year. 

"Through  arrangements  with  the  Agricultural  College  of  Utah  we  are 
now  preparing  to"' give  a  full  course  at  the  Post  School  in  General  Agri- 
culture, Animal  Husbandry,  Farm  Engineering,  Farm  Mechanics,  Farm 
Economics,  Irrigation,  Drainage  and  Dry  Farming.  The  Faculty  of  the 
Agricultural  College  has  generously  placed  at  our  disposal  the  complete 
facilities  of  its  Extension  Division  and  its  entire  staff  of  expert  instructors. 


WESTERN  DEPARTMENT,  UNITED  STATES  ARMY 


29 


"Our  educational  work  was  started  March  first  of  this  year  with  a 
total  enrollment  in  all  classes  of  58  men.  Since  that  time  our  classes  have 
grown  to  a  total  enrollment  of  124,  with  42  taking  Educational  and  105 
Vocational  courses.  Our  school  started  with  six  Educational  and  four 
Vocational  courses.  In  three  months'  time  they  have  grown  to  nine 
Educational  and  five  Vocational  courses. 

"In  our  Educational  School  we  are  teaching  Algebra,  Arithmetic, 
English,  Geography,  History,  Spelling,  Trigonometry,  Reading,  Writing 
and  Americanization,  which  includes  instruction  in  the  fundamental  prin- 
ciples of  American  citizenship. 

"We  are  also  maintaining  a  course  for  the  training  of  automobile  and 
truck  general  repairmen,  and  courses  for  stenographers,  typists,  moving 
picture  operators  and  musicians. 

"In  our  recreational  work  we  are  giving  particular  attention  to  ath- 
letics, with  the  result  that  the  Fort  Douglas  team  won  second  place  in  the 
Western  Department  Olympic  contest  and  one  man  qualified  as  a  member 
of  the  Army  team  to  participate  in  the  Olympic  games  at  Antwerp, 
Belgium. 

"Other  forms  of  our  recreational  work  are  centered  in  our  Service 
Club  building,  which  includes  an  excellent  Service  Clubroom  with  billiard 
and  pool  hall  adjoining,  a  Hostess  Annex  with  which  are  connected  a  tea 
room,  cafeteria  and  an  outdoor  tea  garden. 

"A  most  excellent  spirit  of  community  co-operation  has  been  developed 
through  the  medium  of  the  Community  Club  Center  in  Salt  Lake  City 
and  the  people  of  the  city  are  doing  all  in  their  power  to  co-operate  with 
us  in  our  welfare  and  social  work  for  the  soldier.  We  do  not  have  to 
ask  for  this  co-operation.     It  is  most  generously  proffered  us." 


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CO-BOSS 


30 


EDUCATION  AND  RFXREATTON 


MORE  OF  THEM 


Fort  Rosecrans 
san  diego,  california 


FORT  ROSECRANS  lies  across  the  bay  southwest  of  the  beautiful 
city  of  San  Diego.  It  is  reached  either  by  automobile,  trolley,  or  by 
boat  across  the  harbor.  There  are  many  interesting  points  within  easy 
reach  of  Fort  Rosecrans :  Point  Loma,  the  beautiful  estate  occupied  by 
the  central  organization  of  the  Theosophical  Society  of  America;  Hotel 
Coronado,  the  hostelry  which  vies  with  Del  Monte  at  Monterey  for 
supremacy  in  all  that  goes  to  spell  perfection  in  accommodation ;  the  new 
United  States  Marine  Base,  situated  a  little  way  along  the  beach  on  the 
San  Diego  harbor ;  the  elaborate  wireless  station  near  the  post,  and  Rock- 
well Flying  Field  on  an  island  directly  in  front. 

Three  companies  of  Coast  Artillery  troops  are  stationed  at  this  post. 

Vocational  and  educational  opportunities  at  Fort  Rosecrans  consist  of 
two  sorts — those  afforded  by  a  well-organized  and  equipped  course  in 
Automotive  Mechanics  and  those  afforded  for  apprenticeship  training 
under  skilled  mechanics  in  Carpentry,  Plumbing,  Painting,  and  General 
Machine  Shop  Work.  These  four  trades  are  represented  by  skilled 
civilian  employees  who  have  had  much  successful  experience  in  training 
apprentices. 

Apprenticeship  opportunities  also  exist  for  those  who  desire  to  become 
tailors,    shoemakers,    linemen    (electrical),    leather    and    canvas    workers. 


WESTERN  DEPARTMENT.  UNITED  STATES  ARMY 


31 


blacksmiths  and  horseshoers,  moving  picture  operators,  horticulturists,  and 
vegetable  gardeners.  Instruction  in  the  last  named  lines  is  good,  but  not 
as  comprehensive  as  in  first  named. 

Men  desirous  of  learning  any  of  the  occupations  named  have  good 
opportunities  for  acquiring  earning  capacity  while  serving  an  enlistment 
at  Fort  Rosecrans. 

The  automotive  mechanical  course  is  well  provided  with  working 
facilities  and  has  an  excellent  instructor  of  wide  experience  on  gas  engines 
of  all  sorts. 

A  volunteer  band  is  now  being  organized  with  excellent  prospects  of 
good  teaching  and  successful  results  for  those  desirous  of  learning  to  play 
band  instruments. 

Educational  work  has  so  far  been  confined  to  illiterates,  but  only 
because  of  the  lack  of  demand.  An  excellent  library  exists  and  is  grow- 
ing. When  the  demand  appears,  courses  along  educational  lines  will  be 
undertaken. 

Recreational  opportunities  ar^  of  the  best,  especially  for  those  ath- 
letically inclined.  A  first-class  baseball  and  athletic  field  is  just  completed 
at  the  post. 

Fishing  and  hunting  are  of  the  best  and  enlisted  men  are  given  every 
possible  opportunity  to  enjoy  them. 

The  Service  Club  is  in  a  well-furnished,  comfortable  building  cen- 
trally located.  Besides  the  usual  club  features,  there  are  moving  pictures 
twice  a  week  and  a  weekly  dance. 

The  Fort  Rosecrans  baseball  team  has  just  won  the  Inter-service 
Championship  of  Southern  California.  The  Fort  Rosecrans  tug-of-war 
team  represents  the  Western  Department  at  the  Inter-department  try-outs 
for  the  Olympic  Games  at  Antwerp. 


"^            '       i^fc^*-;.    ■          /-'?l'ITr 

^             bite.V:>r       ^v..<v'j^^^^^^^^^^^^^H 

TROUBLE    SPIGOTING 


32  EDUCATION  AND  RECREATION 


THE   CHARM    OF   AN   EDUCATION 

Fort  William  H.  Seward 
alaska's  garden  spot 

BEAR  hunting  in  the  spring,  deer  hunting  in  the  fall,  ducks,  geese  and 
grouse  a  plenty,  with  fish  that  swallow  bait,  hook,  line  and  sinker, 
all  combine  to  make  this  an  El  Dorado  for  the  man  who  loves  outdoors. 

Fort  William  H.  Seward  is  located  twenty  miles  from  Skagway,  the 
most  historical  town  in  Alaska,  ninety  miles  from  Juneau,  the  capital  of 
Alaska,  and  has  less  rain  and  more  sunshine  than  any  other  place  in 
Alaska.  Winters  are  no  more  severe  than  in  Montana  or  Wyoming,  and 
although  they  are  long,  five  months  of  summer  more  glorious  than  any- 
where else  in  the  world  make  up  for  it. 

During  the  winter  months  there  are  a  series  of  very  practical  courses 
of  instruction  given.  Last  year,  for  instance,  there  was  a  complete  Book- 
keeping course,  a  Shorthand  course,  and  a  Typewriting  course.  The 
students  who  took  these  courses  and  left  the  service  were  able  to  secure 
positions  as  stenographers  and  high-grade  bookkeepers;  those  that  are 
still  in  the  service  have  practically  all  been  promoted  for  their  ability 
along  these  lines. 

For  the  handy  man  we  have  a  course  in  Cabinetmaking  that  is  turning 
out  some  real  carpenters,  and  the  wages  they  will  be  able  to  demand  on 
leaving  the  service  will  be  no  small  item. 

The  champion  baseball  team  in  southern  Alaska  is  ours,  and  in  the 
winter  we  have  a  good  basketball  team.  Snowshoeing,  skating,  bobsled- 
ding  and  skiing  are  the  favorite  sports  in  the  winter.  In  the  summer  every 
one  hunts  and  fishes.  Many  men  own  their  own  motorboats  and  go  off 
every  week  end  for  a  camping  trip;  others  go  hunting  after  bear  and 
mountain  goat. 


WESTERN  DEPARTMENT,  UNITED  STATES  ARMY 


33 


Last  week  end,  two  grizzly  bears  were  killed  by  soldiers  within  ten 
miles  of  the  post  and  another  hunting  party  ran  into  a  herd  of  mountain 
goats,  bagging  several  of  them. 

Moving  pictures  are  shown  three  nights  in  the  week,  and  a  steamboat 
belongs  to  the  post  for  the  purpose  of  making  frequent  trips  to  nearby 
towns.  This  vessel  is  also  used  extensively  to  take  hunting  and  exploring 
parties  out  in  the  fall. 

This  locality  is  famous  for  its  luscious  strawberries,  and  the  organi- 
zations here  maintain  a  small  farm,  in  which  they  grow  all  their  own 
potatoes  and  garden  truck. 

Every  year,  homesteads  are  being  located  within  a  few  miles  of  the 
post  by  soldiers.  Opportunities  that  are  unheard  of  in  the  States  are  still 
unopened  in  Alaska. 


Camp  Kearney 
california 

THIS  is  a  typical  Army  cantonment  so  many  of  which  sprang  up  with 
mushroom  rapidity  all  over  our  country  to  meet  the  requirements 
of  the  war-time  emergency.  At  one  time,  Camp  Kearney  contained  more 
than  40,000  troops,  and  the  hundreds — perhaps  thousands — of  barracks, 
mess  halls,  storehouses  and  officers'  quarters,  not  to  mention  the  amuse- 
ment and  recreational  structures — a  veritable  amusement  park  in  them- 
selves— all  bear  testimony  to  the  important  role  played  by  Camp  Kearney 
in  training  our  overseas  army. 


DOCTORING    LIZZIE 


34 


EDUCATION  AND  RECREATION 


The  buildings  all  express  that  unpainted  ugliness  only  achieved  in 
our  cantonment  construction,  but  which,  like  the  trenches — those  eyesores 
of  the  Western  Front — are  honored  for  the  service  which  they  have 
rendered.  But  Camp  Kearney  is  not  abandoned,  and  its  extensive  equip- 
ment in  the  way  of  buildings  makes  possible  certain  activities,  especially 
along  educational  lines,  more  difficult  at  some  of  the  smaller  posts.  In 
fact,  it  is  still  quite  an  active  post  with  headquarters  of  the  32nd  Regi- 
ment of  Infantry,  a  Camp  Hospital,  Motor  Transport  Company,  Service 
Park  Unit,  Ordnance  Depot  Company,  Provost  General,  Auxiliary  Re- 
mount Depot  and  a  Utilities  detachment. 

Camp  Kearney  is  situated  on  an  elevated  plateau  about  fifteen  miles 
north  of  San  Diego,  with  a  perfect  cement  highway  connecting  the  two. 
Motor  transportation  is  constant,  and  soldiers  on  duty  there  are  not  in 
any  sense  isolated  from  the  outside  world. 

During  the  past  year,  class  instruction  has  been  provided  in  Arith- 
metic, Civics,  English,  Geography,  Spelling,  Penmanship  and  General 
History.  It  is  the  policy  to  organize  classes  in  any  elementary  and  in 
certain  common  high  school  branches  when  a  sufficient  number  of  qualified 
men  apply  for  instruction  in  the  same. 

A  well-attended  class  was  also  maintained  in  vocational  readings. 

During  the  year  vocational  classes  were  maintained  in  Automobile 
and  Truck  Repairing,  Bookkeeping,  Stenography  and  Music. 

Kearney  being  one  of  the  large  camps,  is  well  equipped  and  manned 
by  skilled  workmen  in  a  number  of  trades  that  offer  opportunities  for 
apprenticeship   experience  and  instruction. 


-'•^^m^K^^K^t' 

^                         ■•**«a*«*»"'*™-'-*-'' ' ' " '" I'll"*'**"''— " ,. 

"^^^^^^^^^^^M^mmimm^L^^^^ 

WESTERN  DEPARTMENT,  UNITED  STATES  ARMY 


35 


is. 


ox   BOARD   OF   WHICH    NAVIGATION    AND    MARINE    ENGINEERING    WILL   BE   TAUGHT 


SECTION    OF    DRAFTING    ROOM 


SECTION   OF   MACHINE    SHOP   FOR    AUTOMOTIVE    COURSES 


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fcS^M 

ViH 

Dr.  E.  G.  Dextek 
Consultant  in  Education  for  the  Western  Department 

A.  B.  Brown  University,  Providence,  R.  I.,  1891;  A.  M.  Brown  University,  Providence, 
R.   I.,   1892;   Ph.D.   Columbia  University,   New  York  City,    1899;   LL.D.  University  of 

Porto  Rico,  1912 

Professor  of  Psychology,  Colorado  State  Normal  School,  1895  to  1900 

Professor  of  Education  and   Dean  of  the   School  of  Education,  University  of  Illinois, 

1900  to  1907 
Commissioner  of  Education  for  Porto  Rico  (Chancellor  of  the  University  of  Porto  Rico, 
President    of   the    Insular    Library    Board    and    Member    of    the    Porto    Rican    Senate) 

1907  to  1912 
Rector  of  the  Institute  Nacional  de  Panama  (This  position  is  the  same  as  the  Presidency 

of  the  National  University  of  Panama),   1912  to   1918 
Red  Cross  work  overseas,    1918  to   1919:   For   eight  months  at  the   Paris   Headquarters 
as  the  Chief  of  the   Bureau   of  War  Orphans;    for  five  months   Director  of  Red  Cross 
operation^  in  Montenegro  and  for  six  months  in  charge  of  the  Red  Cross  operations  in 

Southern  Russia 
Awarded  decorations  of  the  Grade  of  Commander  of  the  Russian   Order  of  St.   Stanis- 
laus, the  Serbian  Order  of  the  White  Eagle,  the  Montenegrin  Order  of  Danilo,  and  the 
Grand  Cross  of  the  Red  Cross  of  each  of  the  above-mentioned  countries 


14  DAY  USE 

RETURN  TO  DESK  FROM  WHICH  BORROWED 

LOAN   DEPT. 

This  book  is  due  on  the  last  date  stamped  below,  or 

on  the  date  to  which  renewed. 

Renewed  books  are  subject  to  immediate  recall. 


240ct:56M'J 


— REC'D  LD 


OCT  10  1956 


mu^ 


im 


htUtI  ViiU 


DEO  0  5  1994 


CIRCULATION  DEPT. 


LD  21-100m-6,'56 
(B9311sl0)476 


General  Library 

University  of  California 

Berkeley 


THE  ABBOTT 


Oayford  Bros 

Makers 

Syracuse,  N  Y. 

PAT.  JAR.  21.  1808 


YC  62872 

»lill£inii»^l^f.L^^rLIBRARliF 


41 7950 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALtf'ORNIA  LIBRARY 


